Method of connecting parts



Dec. 7 1926.

H. P.: ARNT METHOD OF ONNECTING PARTS Filed Jan.

5a x/i.

Patented Dec, v 1926. j

UNi'rED s'rATEs HERALD P. anun, orLAxEwooD, omo, .AssIGNoR or ONE-FOURTH`:ro cUR'r is.v

. MULLER, 0F CLEVELAND, oHIo.

IETHOD OF CONNECTING PARTS.

plantation-med January 12, 1924. serial No. 685,229.

My invention pertains to a method of connecting parts andmore'particularly to the art of attaching apair of metal members bycausing one to project through an openingin the other so asto permit ofan infinitesimal pivotal action while supplying of the vwheel or to someparticular spoke adequate reinforcement, One part may-be called theperforated. member and the other part the intersectingy member. Morespecifically, the sevial features to be optionally combined are 1. TheVfashi'oning of i anjfedge portion which defines the openingin'th'desirably secting member which isto havefa comple-4 thinperforated member as a curved surface :which merges with one side oftheperforated `member to,facilitate achievement of a pre cisc fit with.a filleted' portion oftlie interh mentarily designed surface defined-bya y ing member.

curve `disclosed by alongitudinal section of the intersecting member.-2. The tubular formation of the intersect- 3. The provisionaround theopening in the perforated member' of a reinforcing flange.

4. The expansion of the inserted end of' the intersecting-member.

' 5;' The spinning-over'of the extremity of thel intersecting. vmemberagainst or even varound the flange so that, as the extremity becomesprogressively expanded, the intersecting member will be drawn lengthwisein a direction through the opening until the fillet becomes seated withcircumferenti'al uniformity andas aluniv'ersally rockable fit againstthe curved surface. G. The projection of the hole-bordering fiange fromthe side of said perforated member opposite to that siderof it withwhichsaid curved surface merges.

The Idrawings exemplify the adoption of the principles of my inventionfor the manufacture of a spoke and felloeconnection.

This application is a continuationv in part of my copendingapplications. Serial No.'

contact between the spoke and felloe they cannot b'e adequately-iesistedand successover and curled.

fully withstood. lVhen a wheel rotates under load the points ofconnection between the spokes and felloe become subjected to Very severestresses of a compound charac,- ter, often comprising sway in changingdirections at, angles to any particular radius axis. `That is asort ofpivotal action. Moreover, the rims of wheels are frequently violently'-shoved laterally away from the eirculairplaneof the" wheel.' Such actioncoras the cantilever test. n

I solved aproblem vby producing a very slightly-yielding -vhollow. spokeand felloe connection vso -nicely fitted with circumfer.-

-ent'ial uniformity as succesfully to combine a5' respondsto what isknown in the laboratory'- sufficient strength with a minimum of Weight;of fit or equalization of strength around' each spoke and felloeconnection a spinning Aoperationiis employed in a new Way.. It was.

important to have realized that a uniformity of contact or fit over acurvedvfille'ted-` surface wasv essential to produce reliable re-,sults` and toperceive the'method by which In order to "best effect auniformity such. a uniformity 'of `fit .might be' obtained;

Thel spinning operation for. expanding over the extremity` ofa; hollowspoke so that,v

when the navel end of lthe' spoke is properly supported, the vspoke .isnecessarily drawn outwardly through the fel-loe hole and so thatthe.outer fillet surface oftheend of the spokeisdrawn so uniformlyjagainst a'curved surface defining the inner end of a felloe opening throughwhichvit projects as to make it absolutely conform thereto is a featurewhich stands forth as one outstanding improvement peeniiig can reliablyinsure soA perfect a conformity ofv fit. Another feature'of -myvinvvention yis the provision of al reenforcing 'flangearound thefelloeopening and ref-v erably an outwardly projecting ange against which theouter spoke end may-be expanded or over the extremity of which' theouter end of the spoke is to be spun Neither upsetting norv Acomparatively large area'of Contact between surfaces defined by parallelSection lines which recede from the spoke axis as 'provided-by myinvention inherentliY affords a desirable infinitesimal vflexibilitywhen the wheel rotates in use, to

i 65, outer spoke ends 7 duced outer ends of -the spokes'should, in vorder to obtain the preferred product, bev -long enough-to project somedistance o11t.

wardly beyond the outer rim of the holes or edges of the felloe fianges11. y

The felloe and spokes Abeing assembled andwith the nave end of. thespokes held in positionv inA any, suitable manner, but with thespoke-and ,.felloe connections not yet in-` .nular groove 35m which areseated a pair terlocked, the wheel -is slipped 'on to the shaft 2 untilone end of its hub 4 abuts the .shoulder 3. Each outer spoke 'end maybeseparately spun over around the'outer edge" of a felloe flange 111, butduring suchv Operation the vparticular -spokeoperated upon should be.firmly held in proper position.

.' For this purpose, the standard 1 has project- A' ing-from it 'somedistance above the shaft2 a: pair of hollow .brackets 12 in which are:slid-'ably mounted for up' and down moveinent a pair of wedges 13 Whichare fashioned; with opposed beveled surfaces 14 adapte'd,.` when vmovedupwardly, to engage complementaril"beveledfsurfaces 15. on'a .pair'ofspoke-c amping- 'aws 16. Attention 1s directed to Figure 'I I where'itwill be y eld f apart by theactiofn 'of' a spring 20, Rods 21 areadjustably' connected at' 22 1onejwith each of the lower ends of thewedges 1:3 and the lower Aends offthefrods'21 articulate` at 23' withonen-.d of 'niem- 24 which. isps-@ted `be a part' of the standard 1. Theother end at 25'to'an upstandingarm 26 -which may of the lever -24 is'.fashioned as a` pedal 27 which when depressed by'v the f foot 4of the`operator moves the rods 21 andhen`ce` the wedges13Uupwardly toconstr1ct the jaws` 16 against opposite sides of a spoke and-'inopposition to-the action of the; spring 20.

`The adjustment ,afforded at v2v2 permits of reliably centering the.action of the4 -wedges 13s() that -the clamping'action .of the jaws' 16maybe uniform whereby to establish the axis y ofthe .particular minedposition.

rotatably ,andl slidably mounted 'a vhollow "spindle 2 9`to'be driven in.anyV Adesiredm'an-l ner,l not shown. `Movably'mounted "in "the ningtool 31 which projects beyond .the lower Aend of the spindle 29. Theformation of the spinning-tool' 31 is more clearly shown fon sheet 2 tocomprise a central .projection 32 which may ,be fitted tort-he--interior of the :andan annular groove vnotch 41 in :i bracket"Llf2-which may `veniently Vdepend'from the-bearing 28. As

vwhichthe-tool 31 is concentric with the spinfdle 29 and inidently sothat the axes of the 'spindle29, tool 31 andthe particular spoke :to beoperated upon all coincide; by means -oa-spring whichl acts to move theslide30 spoke in ay predeterf ally againstv .the-. action of the spring-45 `whereby to impart 'anV zeccentric --mo-vement lto the'l tool 31,An-initial stage ofvsucha lateral' tool displacement or. tooleccenricity is shown in Figures II and'V.

. 11e-.standard 1 -iiso ppm-'ideen nsuppe'r end w-ith a. ,bearing- 28 in1' wh-ifclrisv adjacent the projection l32 whereby an of `d-iametricallyopposite blocks 36 -'c onl vne'cted by means of pins 37 with a lever 38having its one end pivoted to the standard 1 at 39. The purpose of thelever- 38 is to slide the spindle 2,9 downwardly against thel action ofa returrispring 40 and it may be held in an' intermediary position byshoving it.laterally so that'it iscaused to-occupy a conN will 'beunderstood,the connection of the .imei-'38 with the spindle 29 willpermit reciprocation of the latter while it rotating. y The'slide 30isprovided interiorlyof the spindle A29 with .an upward projection 43presenting on the side which is opposed to the center of the spindle asloping surfacje 44 as maybe clearly seen in Figure II. .The slide 30 isnormally held in a position in against an adjustable stop 46. Alsomount- .100

"ed within the spindle 29 for coaxial reciprocation relatively theretois a cone 47 provided with an upwardly Aextending shank 48.

A- `pin -49 passes through the lshank 48 through a slot 50 in4 thespindle 29 and 105 through a 'roove'd collar- 51 which loosely surroundsthe spindle 29 so' that movement to-be imparted to. the collar willsimultaneously cause the movement o f the coney 47. A

lever 52 is, like the leverv38, pivotally con- 110 nected'with thestandard land with the collar; 'and is to be actuated 'downwardlyagainst theaction of a spring 53 to cause #the 'cone 47 to engage'thesloping surface of the upward lprojection4'3`and move it later; 115

. My Am-etl'iod is practiced Aaccording to the following description:

' After the preliminary formation of the outer spoke' ends and flangedfelloe holesand the'insertionof the spokehends through the 125 x holes,the nave ends of the s okes are secured in any desiredl manner to a niband then the partly assembled wheel is mounted on the shaft 2 and one ofthe/spokes brought .to an uprightposit'ron and' firmly held in a posi-130 les lion 'where its own axis coincides with the axes of the spindle29 and oi the tool 3l when in its normal coneentri: position.

lll

This is accomplished hy a depression bt the foot pedal 27. lhlhile theparticular spoke, which is to have its outer end spun over, is clampedso as lo hold it in proper position, the upper lever 38 is moveddownwardly partway and held in the notch 4l in which rifle position thespindle 29 will have moved down just enough to introduce the centralprojection 82 of the tool into the outer spoke end 7 and so that thelower surface of the projection 3:2 is elevated with respectto the edgeof the elloe ilnnge l1 a dista-nce approximately corresponding with thethick-` ness ont the outer spoke endfmaterial and asis revealed bj1-theposition of the tool`3l in `ldigure V. The same figure shows tlie-commenceinent of ,the spinning-over operation. The lever 3S hai/'ine' beenlocked in the notch 415 and while the root pedal 27 is still being .helddown, the operator commences gradu ally to pull dow'n on the lever 52to`progressively move the slide 30 and hence the tool 533i to an eccentricposition which will thereenough aside or to the position in vwhich itisshown in Figure Vl untilthe outer spoke end has been spun as a Q5extending across the edge ot the felloe iange 11. rlhen the lever 52 isreleased and when the co'ne el? is lifted in response to the action oit'the Gil spring 53, the spring 45 is permitted to 'enerd eise itsfunction ofreiurning the slide 30 to a position inwhichit engages thestop 46 and so that the tool 3l is again brought to its concentricposition as shown in Figure VH. Finally, the lever 38 is Withdrawn fromthe notch 4:1 and a continuation ott 'its downward movement accomplishedwhereby to draw down the spindle 29 and hence the spinning tool 3i tothe position in which it i is shown in Figure VIH whereby the Hangs ishent down and spun around the edge ot' the 'elloe ange l1 so as entirelyto enclose it and so as to assume the shape desighated as 56 in FigureVIH. Thereafter, theY Vlever 3S is released and likewise the pressureupon the pedal 37, the springs 40 and 20 successively restoring theparts to their original position, which is` to say, lifting the tool 3ito the position in which itis shown in Figure lV and ellecting aseparating movement he in turn spun over against the spun over i spokeend at 64:.

Figure X-shows a elloe 65 fashioned with an inwardly projectinghole-defining l ilange 66 havinv likewise a curved interior surface 57to willich the surface of a fillet 68, of a spoke 69 conforms when spunover at 70 according to my method. Here also, a thimble 7l may loeoptionally inserted and have its open end 72 in turn spun over the spunover spoke end. j

Figure Xl discloses. a elloe 73 provided with an opening not reenforcedby any kind of a ange though defined hy a curved surface 74 againstVwhich a complementarily curved surface 75 of a protuberance or bead 76on a spoke 77 may he precisely seated when the outer end 7 8 or thespoke is spun over against the outer side of the elloe by reason of thespinning action having acted to draw the llet surface 7 5 snugly againstthe surface 74.

Figure nu discloses if 'renee 7e provided with an opening defined hy anoutwardly projecting Haring or `funnel shaped flange 80. A spoke 8lfaslnoned with a fillet 82 has its outer end 83 uniformly 'spun againstvthe dange 80 so as to eiect the precision o tit which the spinningoperation insures.

1. The method of securing a progressively smaller outer end portion ofva hollow metal member in an opening of another member.v whichcomprises, passing one endof vsaid hollow member through said opening soas to cause it to project beyond the rim of said opening and thenspinning the projecting eX- trexnity or said hollow member across therim of said opening to progressively draw said outer end to arwedge fitin said opening. and topress .said extremity against the area borderingsaid opening thereby interlocking the parts for infinitesimal universalpivotal'` motion. y l Y 2. The method of securing a lleted outer end ofa tubular metal spoke in an outwardly flanged opening o a elloe, whichcomprises, passing the outer end of the spoke into the langedopening inthe felloe and then ex- -pending the outer lspoke end into contact withsaid llange.-

3. The method of securing the open outerend of a hollow spoke, formednear said' end l with a tapered fillet, in a flanged opening ot afelloe; which comprises, passing the outer end of said spoke'through theelloe o ening so as to\cause it to,project beyond tleouter rim thereofand then spinning the projecting endlot said spoke to eXpand itlaterally across the rim ofsaid opening to progressively draw saidfillet'to in the felloe opening. 4 i

LIL. '1` he method of securing' the outer ends oi a taper tilletedhollow metal spoke in a widely tlaredopening of a felloe, which comprises, passing the spoke through .the opening in the felloe until itsfillet abuts the area defining said opening, and then expanding themetal of thespoke against the ed e of the opening, also against the sideo the felloe opp'osteto the one which the filletv in'an outwardlyflanged round felloe open? ing -ot' progressively `increasmgsize towardits inner end until its defining surface merges withthe concave sideofthe felloe and conforms to saidgfillet surface; which comprises,-passing the" buter*end..of sai d,,

spoke /tlrough the felloe'hole soas to causev its etremity to projectbeyond the edge of ings each .defined b whileholding one of the partsfixed to bring Y 4the defining flange thereof-and then causing theextremity of said spoke at a point beyond said fillet to be spun around-saidflange by eecting a relative rotational movement between sai'dspoke and felloe to progressively draw said fillet toa snug fit.

(i. The method. of securing the -reduced outer end of a hollow metalspoke in'an outlwardly flanged opening of'a felloe; which' comprises,inserting the reduced end of the' spoke through the flanged opening andthen spinning the metal at the outer end of the Aspoke about the ed e,of the flangeto draw the shoulder formed by the reduced portion tightlyagainstthe felloe.

The method ofinaking a wheel, which consists, in providing tubularmetal" spokes each ywith a tapered fillet .and an annular felloe withcircumferentially arran d opena flared .sur ace conforming to the suraces of said fillets and merging with the concave side ,of the felloe,

inserting the outer ends Aofthe'fspokes vthrough 'said openingsrespectivelyUuntil their fillets seat a ainst "the hole-definingsurfaces, firmly hol ing the nave ends ofthe spokes in equispaced radialposition, expanding the inserted .ends of said` spokes said fillets andsurfaces in wedge fit engageyment and then securing the nave ends of the`spokes to a hub. A

-of a tubular spoke, provided near its outer end 'of a taper-shoulderedhollow metal v8. The method of securing the outerv end 55 i of ataper-shouldered hollow metal spoke in the round opening of a felloe;which comprises, passing the spoke through the opening inthe ffelloeruntil its shoulder abuts the edge of the'opening on one side of thefelloe, 70

ithrough'said opening, and then expanding 85 the outer extremity of saidspoke against said flange so as simultaneously to drawsaid fillet with'.circui'nferential uniformity At0 af wedge fit against said flaredsurface.

10.` The method of securing theouter-eud 00 of a tubular spoke,lprovided near its, outer end with an annular fillet Surfaceadditionallydefinedby concentric 'curvesflyin'g inlongitudinal planes ofthe spoke, in a radially extending lround openingin an annular 05 felloewhich opening has ali inwardly flared.' annular. edge surface; whichcomprises projecting said outer spoke end, into said opening and thencausing the outer extremity of said. spoke to be spun-enlarged againstthe outer side of ,said felloefwhereby to draw said fillet surfaceagainst said flared surface. with circumferential uniformity.

11. The methodfof securing the outer end end with a shoulder defined bya tilleted surface surrounding the axis of the spoke, in a radiallyextending outwardly flanged opening in an annular `felloe; whichcomprises in` serting said outer spoke endV into said felloe opening andthen modifying theinserted end of said spoke whereby to interlock `theparts. 1

12,. The method of securing the open outer spoke in the substantiallyround flange-defined opening of a felloe; which comprises, passing thespoke through the opening in the "felloe until its shoulder seatsfagainst .the edge of the opening at the inside ofthe felloe, and thenspreading the metal of the open o uter'end of the spoke against theextremity of. the flange whereby to interlock .Il the connection.

Signed by 1924.

me, this 2nd day of January,

' HERALD P. ARNT.

